1. Fundamentals of Statistics

Chapter Overview:

1. Definitions of Statistics, Probability, and Key Terms: This chapter begins with core terminology, establishing a precise understanding of statistics and probability. Key concepts will be introduced to set a foundation for more advanced topics.

2. Quantitative and Qualitative Variables: We will examine different types of data—quantitative (numerical) and qualitative (categorical)—and discuss their measurement scales, data types, and implications for statistical analysis.

3. Sampling: This section introduces sampling methods, emphasizing the importance of selecting representative samples. We will explore various sampling techniques and their applications in real-world data collection.

4. Levels of Measurement: The levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio—affect how data can be analyzed. We will discuss each level, its characteristics, and its impact on statistical analysis.

Table of contents:

• 1.1. Definitions of Statistics, Probability, and Key Terms
• 1.2. Quantitative and Qualitative Variables
• 1.3. Sampling
• 1.4. Levels of Measurement