References

7. References#

[1]

Geographic information — metadata — part 1: fundamentals. April 2014. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/53798.html.

[2]

Geographic information — data quality — part 1: general requirements. April 2023. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/78900.html.

[3]

Geos: geometry engine - open source. https://libgeos.org, 2024.

[4]

Open calgary: the city of calgary open data portal. https://data.calgary.ca, 2026. Official open data portal of The City of Calgary.

[5]

Elhadi Adam, Onisimo Mutanga, John Odindi, and Elfatih M. AbdelRahman. Land-use/cover classification in a heterogeneous coastal landscape using RapidEye imagery: evaluating the performance of random forest and support vector machines classifiers. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35(10):3440–3458, apr 17 2014. doi:10.1080/01431161.2014.903435.

[6]

Philippe Apparicio, Mohamed Abdelmajid, Mylène Riva, and Richard Shearmur. Comparing alternative approaches to measuring the geographical accessibility of urban health services: Distance types and aggregation-error issues. International Journal of Health Geographics, 7(1):7, 2008. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-7-7.

[7]

Christopher Barrington-Leigh and Adam Millard-Ball. The world’s user-generated road map is more than 80% complete. PLOS ONE, 12(8):e0180698, August 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180698.

[8]

Sergio Baselga and Michael J. Olsen. Approximations, errors, and misconceptions in the use of map projections. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021(1):1094602, 2021. doi:10.1155/2021/1094602.

[9]

R.S. Bivand, E. Pebesma, and V. Gómez-Rubio. Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R. Use R! Springer New York, 2013. ISBN 9781461476184. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7618-4.

[10]

Geoff Boeing. OSMnx: New methods for acquiring, constructing, analyzing, and visualizing complex street networks. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 65:126–139, September 2017. doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.05.004.

[11]

Geoff Boeing. A multi-scale analysis of 27,000 urban street networks: Every US city, town, urbanized area, and Zillow neighborhood. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 47(4):590–608, May 2020. doi:10.1177/2399808318784595.

[12]

Geoff Boeing. Modeling and Analyzing Urban Networks and Amenities With OSMnx. Geographical Analysis, 57(4):567–577, October 2025. doi:10.1111/gean.70009.

[13]

Richard W. Bohannon. Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20—79 years: reference values and determinants. Age and Ageing, 26(1):15–19, 1997. doi:10.1093/ageing/26.1.15.

[14]

Paul Bolstad. GIS Fundamentals: A First Text on Geographic Information Systems. Eider Press, 2019. URL: https://www.gisfundamentals.org/.

[15]

M. Borengasser, W.S. Hungate, and R. Watkins. Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications. Remote Sensing Applications Series. CRC Press, 2007. ISBN 9781420012606. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=p_VMYNR0elEC.

[16]

Mike Bostock and Calvin Metcalf. Topojson/topojson-specification: an extension to geojson that encodes topology and allows compact, delta-encoded coordinates. GitHub repository, 2016. URL: topojson/topojson-specification (visited on 2026-10-23).

[17]

Ulrik Brandes. A faster algorithm for betweenness centrality*. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 25(2):163–177, June 2001. doi:10.1080/0022250X.2001.9990249.

[18]

Ulrik Brandes and Christian Pich. CENTRALITY ESTIMATION IN LARGE NETWORKS. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 17(07):2303–2318, July 2007. doi:10.1142/S0218127407018403.

[19]

Thomas J. Bruno and Paris D. N. Svoronos. CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts. CRC Press, Boca Raton, October 2005. ISBN 978-0-429-12978-0. doi:10.1201/9780849332500.

[20]

L.M. Bugayevskiy and J. Snyder. Map Projections: A Reference Manual. CRC Press, 2013. ISBN 9781482248036. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=E0JZDwAAQBAJ.

[21]

H. Butler, M. Daly, A. Doyle, S. Gillies, S. Hagen, and T. Schaub. The GeoJSON Format. Technical Report RFC7946, RFC Editor, August 2016. URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7946 (visited on 2026-10-23), doi:10.17487/RFC7946.

[22]

J. Böhner, M. Bock, T. Selige, and R. Köthe. Geographical Information Systems – Applications to Soils. In Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, pages B9780124095489091077. Elsevier, 2014. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09107-7.

[23]

Changyong Cao, Frank J. De Luccia, Xiaoxiong Xiong, Robert Wolfe, and Fuzhong Weng. Early On-Orbit Performance of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Satellite. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 52(2):1142–1156, February 2014. Conference Name: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2013.2247768.

[24]

Fábio Chaddad, Fellipe A. O. Mello, Mahboobeh Tayebi, José Lucas Safanelli, Lucas Rabelo Campos, Merilyn Taynara Accorsi Amorim, Gabriel Pimenta Barbosa de Sousa, Tiago Osório Ferreira, Francisco Ruiz, Fabio Perlatti, Lucas Tadeu Greschuk, Nícolas Augusto Rosin, Jorge Tadeu Fim Rosas, and José A. M. Demattê. Impact of mining-induced deforestation on soil surface temperature and carbon stocks: A case study using remote sensing in the Amazon rainforest. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 119:103983, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103983.

[25]

Kong-Tsung Chang. Introduction to geographic information systems. sep 28 2014.

[26]

A.K.R. Choudhury. Principles of Colour and Appearance Measurement: Object Appearance, Colour Perception and Instrumental Measurement. Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles. Elsevier Science, 2014. ISBN 9780857099242. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=bwKjAgAAQBAJ.

[27]

E. F. Codd. A relational model of data for large shared data banks. Communications of the ACM, 13(6):377–387, June 1970. doi:10.1145/362384.362685.

[28]

Bec Crew. This animated map shows the true size of each country. August 2019. URL: https://www.nature.com/nature-index/news/data-visualisation-animated-map-mercater-projection-true-size-countries (visited on 2024-08-25).

[29]

Hatef Dastour, M. Razu Ahmed, and Quazi K. Hassan. Analysis of forest fire patterns and their relationship with climate variables in Alberta's natural subregions. Ecological Informatics, 80:102531, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102531.

[30]

Hatef Dastour and Quazi K Hassan. Utilizing MODIS remote sensing and integrated data for forest fire spread modeling in the southwest region of Canada. Environmental Research Communications, 6(2):025007, 2024. doi:10.1088/2515-7620/ad248f.

[31]

Hatef Dastour and Quazi K. Hassan. Quantifying the influence of climate variables on vegetation through remote sensing and multi-dimensional data analysis. Earth Systems and Environment, 8:165–180, 2024. doi:10.1007/s41748-024-00384-2.

[32]

Gayathri K. Devi, B. P. Ganasri, and G. S. Dwarakish. Applications of Remote Sensing in Satellite Oceanography: A Review. Aquatic Procedia, 4:579–584, January 2015. doi:10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.075.

[33]

Kamel Didan. MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V061. 2021. doi:10.5067/MODIS/MOD13A1.061.

[34]

E. W. Dijkstra. A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1):269–271, December 1959. URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF01386390 (visited on 2026-10-26), doi:10.1007/BF01386390.

[35]

Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, Anup Joshi, Carly Vynne, Neil D. Burgess, Eric Wikramanayake, Nathan Hahn, Suzanne Palminteri, Prashant Hedao, Reed Noss, Matt Hansen, Harvey Locke, Erle C Ellis, Benjamin Jones, Charles Victor Barber, Randy Hayes, Cyril Kormos, Vance Martin, Eileen Crist, Wes Sechrest, Lori Price, Jonathan E. M. Baillie, Don Weeden, Kierán Suckling, Crystal Davis, Nigel Sizer, Rebecca Moore, David Thau, Tanya Birch, Peter Potapov, Svetlana Turubanova, Alexandra Tyukavina, Nadia De Souza, Lilian Pintea, José C. Brito, Othman A. Llewellyn, Anthony G. Miller, Annette Patzelt, Shahina A. Ghazanfar, Jonathan Timberlake, Heinz Klöser, Yara Shennan-Farpón, Roeland Kindt, Jens-Peter Barnekow Lillesø, Paulo Van Breugel, Lars Graudal, Maianna Voge, Khalaf F. Al-Shammari, and Muhammad Saleem. An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm. BioScience, 67(6):534–545, June 2017. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014.

[36]

Francine L. Dolins, Christopher A. Shaffer, Leila M. Porter, Jena R. Hickey, and Nathan P. Nibbelink, editors. Spatial Analysis in Field Primatology: Applying GIS at Varying Scales. Cambridge University Press, 1 edition, January 2021. ISBN 978-1-107-44982-4 978-1-107-06230-6 978-1-107-69430-9. doi:10.1017/9781107449824.

[37]

David H Douglas and Thomas K Peucker. ALGORITHMS FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE NUMBER OF POINTS REQUIRED TO REPRESENT A DIGITIZED LINE OR ITS CARICATURE. Cartographica, 10(2):112–122, December 1973. doi:10.3138/FM57-6770-U75U-7727.

[38]

NASA Earth Science Data Systems. What is Remote Sensing? August 2019. Publisher: Earth Science Data Systems, NASA. URL: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/backgrounders/remote-sensing (visited on 2024-06-21).

[39]

Max J. Egenhofer and Robert D. Franzosa. Point-set topological spatial relations. International journal of geographical information systems, 5(2):161–174, January 1991. doi:10.1080/02693799108927841.

[40]

Phil Elson, Elliott Sales de Andrade, Greg Lucas, Ryan May, Richard Hattersley, Ed Campbell, Ruth Comer, Andrew Dawson, Bill Little, Stephane Raynaud, scmc72, Alan D. Snow, lgolston, Byron Blay, Peter Killick, lbdreyer, Patrick Peglar, Nat Wilson, Andrew, Jon Szymaniak, Adrien Berchet, Corinne Bosley, Luke Davis, Filipe, John Krasting, Matthew Bradbury, stephenworsley, and Daniel Kirkham. SciTools/cartopy: REL: v0.24.1. October 2024. URL: https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.1182735, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.1182735.

[41]

Sarah Elwood. Volunteered geographic information: future research directions motivated by critical, participatory, and feminist GIS. GeoJournal, 72(3):173–183, August 2008. doi:10.1007/s10708-008-9186-0.

[42]

ESRI. ESRI Shapefile Specification. Technical documentation, 1998. URL: https://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shapefile.pdf (visited on 2026-10-23).

[43]

A S Fotheringham and D W S Wong. The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 23(7):1025–1044, July 1991. doi:10.1068/a231025.

[44]

Linton C. Freeman. A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness. Sociometry, 40(1):35, March 1977. doi:10.2307/3033543.

[45]

J.T. Freymueller and L. Sánchez. Geodesy for a Sustainable Earth: Proceedings of the 2021 Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Geodesy, Beijing, China, June 28 – July 2, 2021. International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Springer International Publishing, 2023. ISBN 9783031295072. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=M5rMEAAAQBAJ.

[46]

Alessandro Furieri. SpatiaLite 5.1.0 Reference Manual. 2023. URL: https://www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index (visited on 2026-10-24).

[47]

Matthew G. Gale, Geoffrey J. Cary, Albert I. J. M. Van Dijk, and Marta Yebra. Forest fire fuel through the lens of remote sensing: Review of approaches, challenges and future directions in the remote sensing of biotic determinants of fire behaviour. Remote Sensing of Environment, 255:112282, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.112282.

[48]

Paolo Gamba and B. Houshmand. Joint analysis of SAR, LIDAR and aerial imagery for simultaneous extraction of land cover, DTM and 3d shape of buildings. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(20):4439–4450, jan 1 2002. doi:10.1080/01431160110114952.

[49]

Timnit Gebru, Jamie Morgenstern, Briana Vecchione, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, Hanna Wallach, Hal Daumé Iii, and Kate Crawford. Datasheets for datasets. Communications of the ACM, 64(12):86–92, December 2021. doi:10.1145/3458723.

[50]

Karst T. Geurs and Bert Van Wee. Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: review and research directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2):127–140, June 2004. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2003.10.005.

[51]

Jorge Gil. Street network analysis “edge effects”: Examining the sensitivity of centrality measures to boundary conditions. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 44(5):819–836, September 2017. doi:10.1177/0265813516650678.

[52]

S. Gillies. GeoJSON Text Sequences. Technical Report RFC8142, RFC Editor, April 2017. URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8142 (visited on 2026-10-23), doi:10.17487/RFC8142.

[53]

Sean Gillies and others. Fiona — fiona documentation. 2011–2026. URL: https://fiona.readthedocs.io/en/stable/README.html (visited on 2026-10-24).

[54]

Sean Gillies, Casper van der Wel, Joris Van den Bossche, Mike W. Taves, Joshua Arnott, Brendan C. Ward, and others. Shapely. September 2026. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.5597138.

[55]

David Goldberg. What every computer scientist should know about floating-point arithmetic. ACM Computing Surveys, 23(1):5–48, March 1991. URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/103162.103163 (visited on 2026-10-25), doi:10.1145/103162.103163.

[56]

Michael F. Goodchild. Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography. GeoJournal, 69(4):211–221, November 2007. doi:10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y.

[57]

E.W. Grafarend, R.J. You, and R. Syffus. Map Projections: Cartographic Information Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. ISBN 9783642364945. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=yd-CBAAAQBAJ.

[58]

Jianyu Gu and Russell G. Congalton. Analysis of the Impact of Positional Accuracy When Using a Single Pixel for Thematic Accuracy Assessment. Remote Sensing, 12(24):4093–4093, dec 15 2020. doi:10.3390/rs12244093.

[59]

R.P. Gupta. Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. ISBN 9783662558744. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=kIvNswEACAAJ.

[60]

Antonin Guttman. R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching. In Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '84, 47. Boston, Massachusetts, 1984. ACM Press. URL: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=602259.602266 (visited on 2026-10-23), doi:10.1145/602259.602266.

[61]

Theo Haerder and Andreas Reuter. Principles of transaction-oriented database recovery. ACM Computing Surveys, 15(4):287–317, December 1983. doi:10.1145/289.291.

[62]

Aric A. Hagberg, Daniel A. Schult, and Pieter J. Swart. Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using networkx. In Proceedings of the 7th Python in Science Conference (SciPy 2008), 11–15. Pasadena, California, June 2008. doi:10.25080/TCWV9851.

[63]

M. Haklay and P. Weber. OpenStreetMap: User-Generated Street Maps. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4):12–18, October 2008. doi:10.1109/MPRV.2008.80.

[64]

Mordechai Haklay. How Good is Volunteered Geographical Information? A Comparative Study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey Datasets. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 37(4):682–703, August 2010. doi:10.1068/b35097.

[65]

M. C. Hansen, P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend. High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change. Science, 342(6160):850–853, November 2013. doi:10.1126/science.1244693.

[66]

F. Harvey. A Primer of GIS: Fundamental Geographic and Cartographic Concepts. Guilford Publications, 2015. ISBN 9781462524945. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=_VGxCgAAQBAJ.

[67]

Q. K. Hassan. Lecture notes: introduction to remote sensing. 2023.

[68]

John. R Herring. OpenGIS® Implementation Standard for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1: Common architecture [Corrigendum]. 2011. Medium: 93pp. URL: https://www.oceanbestpractices.net/handle/11329/1104 (visited on 2026-10-24), doi:10.25607/OBP-630.

[69]

A.R. Hinks. Map Projections. Cambridge University Press, 2016. ISBN 9781316611791. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=NCFCDAAAQBAJ.

[70]

Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof and Helmut Moritz. Physical Geodesy. Springer Vienna, 2006. ISBN 9783211335451. doi:10.1007/978-3-211-33545-1.

[71]

Huiping Huang, Qiangzi Li, and Yuan Zhang. A High-Resolution Remote-Sensing-Based Method for Urban Ecological Quality Evaluation. Frontiers in Environmental Science, May 2022. Publisher: Frontiers. doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.765604.

[72]

Yanbo Huang, Zhong-xin Chen, Tao Yu, Xiang-zhi Huang, and Xing-fa Gu. Agricultural remote sensing big data: Management and applications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(9):1915–1931, September 2018. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61859-8.

[73]

Katherine Irwin, Danielle Beaulne, Alexander Braun, and G. Fotopoulos. Fusion of SAR, Optical Imagery and Airborne LiDAR for Surface Water Detection. Remote Sensing, 9(9):890–890, aug 28 2017. doi:10.3390/rs9090890.

[74]

Bernhard Jenny, Bojan Šavrič, Nicholas D. Arnold, Brooke E. Marston, and Charles A. Preppernau. A Guide to Selecting Map Projections for World and Hemisphere Maps. In Miljenko Lapaine and E. Lynn Usery, editors, Choosing a Map Projection, pages 213–228. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51835-0_9.

[75]

C.B. Jones. Geographical Information Systems and Computer Cartography. Taylor & Francis, 2014. ISBN 9781317900269. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=5Ix9AwAAQBAJ.

[76]

Kelsey Jordahl, Joris Van Den Bossche, Martin Fleischmann, Jacob Wasserman, James McBride, Jeffrey Gerard, Jeff Tratner, Matthew Perry, Adrian Garcia Badaracco, Carson Farmer, Geir Arne Hjelle, Alan D. Snow, Micah Cochran, Sean Gillies, Lucas Culbertson, Matt Bartos, Nick Eubank, Maxalbert, Aleksey Bilogur, Sergio Rey, Christopher Ren, Dani Arribas-Bel, Leah Wasser, Levi John Wolf, Martin Journois, Joshua Wilson, Adam Greenhall, Chris Holdgraf, Filipe, and François Leblanc. Geopandas/geopandas: v0.8.1. July 2020. URL: https://zenodo.org/record/3946761 (visited on 2026-10-23), doi:10.5281/ZENODO.3946761.

[77]

Mostafa Kamel, Mamdouh M. Abdeen, Mostafa M. Youssef, Ahmed M. Orabi, and Elsayed Abdelbaky. Utilization of Landsat-8 (OLI) Image Data for Geological Mapping of the Neo-Proterozoic Basement Rocks in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 50(3):469–492, March 2022. doi:10.1007/s12524-021-01465-9.

[78]

Charles F. F. Karney. Algorithms for geodesics. Journal of Geodesy, 87(1):43–55, January 2013. URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z (visited on 2026-10-23), doi:10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z.

[79]

Fritz C Kessler and Sarah E Battersby. The global topographic 30 arc second digital elevation model (gtopo30). Cartographic Perspectives, pages 85–87, 2000.

[80]

A Jon Kimerling, Aileen R Buckley, Phillip C Muehrcke, and Juliana O Muehrcke. Map use: reading, analysis, interpretation. Esri Press Academic, 2011. URL: https://www.esri.com/en-us/esri-press/browse/map-use-reading-analysis-interpretation.

[81]

Menno-Jan Kraak and Ferjan Ormeling. Cartography: Visualization of Geospatial Data. CRC Press, 2020. doi:10.1201/9780429464195.

[82]

M. Kumar, R.B. Singh, A. Singh, R. Pravesh, S.I. Majid, and A. Tiwari. Geographic Information Systems in Urban Planning and Management. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. ISBN 9789811978555. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=isKrEAAAQBAJ.

[83]

M. Lapaine and E.L. Usery. Choosing a Map Projection. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer International Publishing, 2017. ISBN 9783319518350. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=dr6aDgAAQBAJ.

[84]

Miljenko Lapaine and Nedjeljko Frančula. Map Projections Classification. Geographies, 2(2):274–285, June 2022. doi:10.3390/geographies2020019.

[85]

Yuk-Cheung Lee. Map Projections. In Yong-Qi Chen and Yuk-Cheung Lee, editors, Geographical Data Acquisition, pages 43–63. Springer, Vienna, 2001. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6183-8_4.

[86]

S.T. Leutenegger, M.A. Lopez, and J. Edgington. STR: a simple and efficient algorithm for R-tree packing. In Proceedings 13th International Conference on Data Engineering, 497–506. Birmingham, UK, 1997. IEEE Comput. Soc. Press. URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/582015/ (visited on 2026-10-24), doi:10.1109/ICDE.1997.582015.

[87]

Xinghua Li, Zhiwei Li, Ruitao Feng, Shuang Luo, Chi Zhang, Menghui Jiang, and Huanfeng Shen. Generating High-Quality and High-Resolution Seamless Satellite Imagery for Large-Scale Urban Regions. Remote Sensing, 12(1):81, January 2020. doi:10.3390/rs12010081.

[88]

Xingong Li and Michael E. Hodgson. Vector Field Data Model and Operations. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 41(1):1–24, mar 1 2004. doi:10.2747/1548-1603.41.1.1.

[89]

T. Lillesand, R.W. Kiefer, and J. Chipman. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. Wiley, 2015. ISBN 9781118919453. URL: https://www.wiley.com/en-sg/Remote+Sensing+and+Image+Interpretation%2C+7th+Edition-p-9781118343289.

[90]

L. Liu, E. Catelli, A. Katsaggelos, G. Sciutto, R. Mazzeo, M. Milanic, J. Stergar, S. Prati, and M. Walton. Digital restoration of colour cinematic films using imaging spectroscopy and machine learning. Scientific Reports, 12(1):21982, 2022. Publisher: Nature Publishing Group. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25248-5.

[91]

Paul A. Longley, Michael F. Goodchild, David J. Maguire, and David W. Rhind. Geographic Information Science and Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 4th edition, 2015.

[92]

T. Lopez, A. Al Bitar, S. Biancamaria, A. Güntner, and A. Jäggi. On the use of satellite remote sensing to detect floods and droughts at large scales. Surveys in Geophysics, 41(6):1461–1487, 2020. doi:10.1007/s10712-020-09618-0.

[93]

Z. Lu, Y. Qu, and S. Qiao. Geodesy: Introduction to Geodetic Datum and Geodetic Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. ISBN 9783642412455. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=pdglBAAAQBAJ.

[94]

MathWorld. Mercator projection. URL: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/MercatorProjection.html (visited on 2024-08-25).

[95]

B.P. McClain. Python for Geospatial Data Analysis: Theory, Tools, and Practice for Location Intelligence. O'Reilly Media, Incorporated, 2022. ISBN 9781098104795. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=68mnzgEACAAJ.

[96]

Porter W. McDonnell. Map Projections. In Russell C. Brinker and Roy Minnick, editors, The Surveying Handbook, pages 435–453. Springer US, Boston, MA, 1995. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2067-2_18.

[97]

P. McHaffie, S. Hwang, and C. Follett. GIS: An Introduction to Mapping Technologies, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2023. ISBN 9781000873313. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=vqEIEQAAQBAJ.

[98]

Wes McKinney. Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python. In Stéfan van der Walt and Jarrod Millman, editors, Proceedings of the 9th Python in Science Conference, 56–61. Austin, Texas, 2010. doi:10.25080/Majora-92bf1922-00a.

[99]

Hafiz Suliman Munawar, Ahmed W. A. Hammad, and S. Travis Waller. Remote sensing methods for flood prediction: a review. Sensors, 22(3):960, 2022. Number: 3 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. doi:10.3390/s22030960.

[100]

Mauro Dalla Mura, Saurabh Prasad, Fabio Pacifici, Paolo Gamba, J. Chanussot, and Jón Atli Benediktsson. Challenges and Opportunities of Multimodality and Data Fusion in Remote Sensing. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103(9):1585–1601, aug 14 2015. doi:10.1109/jproc.2015.2462751.

[101]

C. Paul Nathanail and A. Symonds. Geographical information systems. Geological Society London Engineering Geology Special Publications, 18(1):57–58, jan 1 2001. doi:10.1144/gsl.eng.2001.018.01.09.

[102]

Stan Openshaw. The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem. Number 38 in Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography (CATMOG). Geo Books, Norwich, UK, 1983. ISBN 0-86094-134-5.

[103]

Jean-François Pekel, Andrew Cottam, Noel Gorelick, and Alan S. Belward. High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540(7633):418–422, December 2016. Publisher: Nature Publishing Group. doi:10.1038/nature20584.

[104]

T. Pencheva, D. Pulov, B. Gyoch, and M. Nenkov. Design of CCD Optical System for Thermal IR Spectral Region. In 2006 29th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology, 173–178. 2006. ISSN: 2161-2064. doi:10.1109/ISSE.2006.365380.

[105]

Wim Pijls. Some Properties Related to Mercator Projection. The American Mathematical Monthly, June 2001. Publisher: Taylor & Francis. doi:10.1080/00029890.2001.11919781.

[106]

S.E. Piovan. The Geohistorical Approach: Methods and Applications. Springer Geography. Springer International Publishing, 2020. ISBN 9783030424398. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=o9TkDwAAQBAJ.

[107]

Clemens Portele. OpenGIS Geography Markup Language (GML) Encoding Standard. Standard OGC 07-036, Open Geospatial Consortium, Wayland, MA, 2007. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11329/1120, doi:10.25607/OBP-645.

[108]

V. Pászto, C. Jürgens, P. Tominc, and J. Burian. Spationomy: Spatial Exploration of Economic Data and Methods of Interdisciplinary Analytics. Springer International Publishing, 2019. ISBN 9783030266264. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=Ic-8DwAAQBAJ.

[109]

Md. Shahinoor Rahman and Liping Di. The state of the art of spaceborne remote sensing in flood management. Natural Hazards, 85(2):1223–1248, January 2017. doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2601-9.

[110]

R. Rajeesh and G. S. Dwarakish. Satellite Oceanography– A review. Aquatic Procedia, 4:165–172, January 2015. doi:10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.023.

[111]

N. Rama Rao, P. K. Garg, and S. K. Ghosh. The Effect of Radiometric Resolution on the Retrieval of Leaf Area Index from Agricultural Crops. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 43(4):377–387, December 2006. doi:10.2747/1548-1603.43.4.377.

[112]

John A. Richards. Sources and Characteristics of Remote Sensing Image Data. In John A. Richards, editor, Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: An Introduction, pages 1–32. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1986. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-02462-1_1.

[113]

A.H. Robinson. Elements of Cartography. Wiley, 1995. ISBN 9780471555797. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=vu9OAAAAMAAJ.

[114]

Daniel J. Rosenkrantz, Richard E. Stearns, and Philip M. Lewis, Ii. An Analysis of Several Heuristics for the Traveling Salesman Problem. SIAM Journal on Computing, 6(3):563–581, September 1977. URL: https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0206041 (visited on 2026-10-26), doi:10.1137/0206041.

[115]

Even Rouault, Frank Warmerdam, Kurt Schwehr, Andrey Kiselev, Howard Butler, Mateusz Łoskot, Tamas Szekeres, Etienne Tourigny, Martin Landa, Idan Miara, Ben Elliston, Kumar Chaitanya, Lucian Plesea, Daniel Morissette, Ari Jolma, Nyall Dawson, Daniel Baston, Craig de Stigter, and Hiroshi Miura. GDAL. August 2026. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.5884351.

[116]

Hansklaus Rummler. Mercatorkarte und hyperbolische Geometrie. Elemente der Mathematik, 57(4):168–173, November 2002. doi:10.1007/PL00012483.

[117]

F.F. Sabins and J.M. Ellis. Remote Sensing: Principles, Interpretation, and Applications, Fourth Edition. Waveland Press, 2020. ISBN 9781478645061. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=rAnaDwAAQBAJ.

[118]

David Salomon. Nonlinear Projections. In David Salomon, editor, Transformations and Projections in Computer Graphics, pages 145–220. Springer, 2006. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-620-9_5.

[119]

Geir Kjetil Sandve, Anton Nekrutenko, James Taylor, and Eivind Hovig. Ten Simple Rules for Reproducible Computational Research. PLoS Computational Biology, 9(10):e1003285, October 2013. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003285.

[120]

Joy Sanyal and X. X. Lu. Application of Remote Sensing in Flood Management with Special Reference to Monsoon Asia: A Review. Natural Hazards, 33(2):283–301, October 2004. doi:10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000037035.65105.95.

[121]

J.R. Schott. Remote Sensing: The Image Chain Approach. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 9780199724390. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=uoXvgwOzAkQC.

[122]

G. Seeber. Satellite Geodesy: Foundations, Methods, and Applications. MATHEMATIK GESAMT. De Gruyter, 2008. ISBN 9783110200089. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=qZTS6OI9NGoC.

[123]

Günter Seeber. Satellite Geodesy: Foundations, Methods, and Applications. De Gruyter, 2008. ISBN 978-3-11-020008-9. doi:10.1515/9783110200089.

[124]

Joel Segarra. Satellite Imagery in Precision Agriculture. In P. M. Priyadarshan, Shri Mohan Jain, Suprasanna Penna, and Jameel M. Al-Khayri, editors, Digital Agriculture: A Solution for Sustainable Food and Nutritional Security, pages 325–340. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2024. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43548-5_10.

[125]

Hojat Shirmard, Ehsan Farahbakhsh, R. Dietmar Müller, and Rohitash Chandra. A review of machine learning in processing remote sensing data for mineral exploration. Remote Sensing of Environment, 268:112750, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2021.112750.

[126]

L.E. Sjöberg and M. Bagherbandi. Gravity Inversion and Integration: Theory and Applications in Geodesy and Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. ISBN 9783319502984. URL: https://books.google.ca/books?id=iEC4DgAAQBAJ.

[127]

D. H. Sliney. What is light? The visible spectrum and beyond. Eye, 30(2):222–229, February 2016. doi:10.1038/eye.2015.252.

[128]

John P. Snyder. Map projections: A working manual. Number 1395 in Professional Paper. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1987. URL: https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1395, doi:10.3133/pp1395.

[129]

Malgorzata Szelachowska, Walyeldeen Godah, and Jan Krynski. Contribution of GRACE Satellite Mission to the Determination of Orthometric/Normal Heights Corrected for Their Dynamics—A Case Study of Poland. Remote Sensing, 14(17):4271, January 2022. doi:10.3390/rs14174271.

[130]

Byron D. Tapley, Michael M. Watkins, Frank Flechtner, Christoph Reigber, Srinivas Bettadpur, Matthew Rodell, Ingo Sasgen, James S. Famiglietti, Felix W. Landerer, Don P. Chambers, John T. Reager, Alex S. Gardner, Himanshu Save, Erik R. Ivins, Sean C. Swenson, Carmen Boening, Christoph Dahle, David N. Wiese, Henryk Dobslaw, Mark E. Tamisiea, and Isabella Velicogna. Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change. Nature Climate Change, 9(5):358–369, May 2019. Publisher: Nature Publishing Group. doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0456-2.

[131]

Andrew J. Tatem. WorldPop, open data for spatial demography. Scientific Data, 4(1):170004, January 2017. doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.4.

[132]

Henrikki Tenkanen. Pyrosm: A Python library for reading and writing OpenStreetMap PBF data with GeoDataFrames. October 2026. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.3755057.

[133]

Wolfgang Torge and Jürgen Müller. Geodesy. De Gruyter, 2012. ISBN 978-3-11-025000-8. doi:10.1515/9783110250008.

[134]

Ramon Torres, Paul Snoeij, Dirk Geudtner, David Bibby, Malcolm Davidson, Evert Attema, Pierre Potin, BjÖrn Rommen, Nicolas Floury, Mike Brown, Ignacio Navas Traver, Patrick Deghaye, Berthyl Duesmann, Betlem Rosich, Nuno Miranda, Claudio Bruno, Michelangelo L'Abbate, Renato Croci, Andrea Pietropaolo, Markus Huchler, and Friedhelm Rostan. GMES Sentinel-1 mission. Remote Sensing of Environment, 120:9–24, May 2012. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.05.028.

[135]

Compton J. Tucker. Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sensing of Environment, 8(2):127–150, May 1979. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(79)90013-0.

[136]

E. Lynn Usery. Understanding map projections. In The Routledge Handbook of Mapping and Cartography. Routledge, 2017.

[137]

Freek D. van der Meer, Harald M. A. van der Werff, Frank J. A. van Ruitenbeek, Chris A. Hecker, Wim H. Bakker, Marleen F. Noomen, Mark van der Meijde, E. John M. Carranza, J. Boudewijn de Smeth, and Tsehaie Woldai. Multi- and hyperspectral geologic remote sensing: A review. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 14(1):112–128, February 2012. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2011.08.002.

[138]

M. van der Meijde, R. Pail, R. Bingham, and R. Floberghagen. GOCE data, models, and applications: A review. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 35:4–15, March 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2013.10.001.

[139]

M. Weiss, F. Jacob, and G. Duveiller. Remote sensing for agricultural applications: A meta-review. Remote Sensing of Environment, 236:111402, January 2020. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.111402.

[140]

Eric W. Weisstein. Lambert Conformal Conic Projection. Publisher: Wolfram Research, Inc. URL: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/ (visited on 2024-08-24).

[141]

Wikipedia. Equirectangular projection. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1185683074. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equirectangular_projection&oldid=1185683074 (visited on 2024-08-25).

[142]

Wikipedia. Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection. January 2023. Page Version ID: 1133701484. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lambert_cylindrical_equal-area_projection&oldid=1133701484 (visited on 2024-08-30).

[143]

Wikipedia. Miller cylindrical projection. January 2023. Page Version ID: 1136195868. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miller_cylindrical_projection&oldid=1136195868 (visited on 2024-08-30).

[144]

Wikipedia. Azimuthal equidistant projection. May 2024. Page Version ID: 1223862688. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azimuthal_equidistant_projection&oldid=1223862688#cite_note-Album-6 (visited on 2024-08-25).

[145]

Wikipedia. Central cylindrical projection. June 2024. Page Version ID: 1229660350. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_cylindrical_projection&oldid=1229660350 (visited on 2024-08-25).

[146]

Wikipedia. Lambert conformal conic projection. April 2024. Page Version ID: 1218468632. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lambert_conformal_conic_projection&oldid=1218468632 (visited on 2024-08-26).

[147]

Wikipedia. Map projection. August 2024. Page Version ID: 1239646458. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Map_projection&oldid=1239646458 (visited on 2024-08-25).

[148]

Wikipedia. Mercator projection. July 2024. Page Version ID: 1234632626. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercator_projection&oldid=1234632626 (visited on 2024-08-25).

[149]

Mark D. Wilkinson, Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, Jan-Willem Boiten, Luiz Bonino Da Silva Santos, Philip E. Bourne, Jildau Bouwman, Anthony J. Brookes, Tim Clark, Mercè Crosas, Ingrid Dillo, Olivier Dumon, Scott Edmunds, Chris T. Evelo, Richard Finkers, Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran, Alasdair J.G. Gray, Paul Groth, Carole Goble, Jeffrey S. Grethe, Jaap Heringa, Peter A.C ’T Hoen, Rob Hooft, Tobias Kuhn, Ruben Kok, Joost Kok, Scott J. Lusher, Maryann E. Martone, Albert Mons, Abel L. Packer, Bengt Persson, Philippe Rocca-Serra, Marco Roos, Rene Van Schaik, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Erik Schultes, Thierry Sengstag, Ted Slater, George Strawn, Morris A. Swertz, Mark Thompson, Johan Van Der Lei, Erik Van Mulligen, Jan Velterop, Andra Waagmeester, Peter Wittenburg, Katherine Wolstencroft, Jun Zhao, and Barend Mons. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Scientific Data, 3(1):160018, March 2016. doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.18.

[150]

Tim Wilson. OGC KML. Implementation Standard OGC 07-147r2, Open Geospatial Consortium, April 2008. URL: https://docs.ogc.org/is/07-147r2/07-147r2.pdf.

[151]

Stephan Winter. Bridging vector and raster representation in GIS. pages 57–62, nov 1 1998. doi:10.1145/288692.288704.

[152]

Michael A. Wulder, Thomas R. Loveland, David P. Roy, Christopher J. Crawford, Jeffrey G. Masek, Curtis E. Woodcock, Richard G. Allen, Martha C. Anderson, Alan S. Belward, Warren B. Cohen, John Dwyer, Angela Erb, Feng Gao, Patrick Griffiths, Dennis Helder, Txomin Hermosilla, James D. Hipple, Patrick Hostert, M. Joseph Hughes, Justin Huntington, David M. Johnson, Robert Kennedy, Ayse Kilic, Zhan Li, Leo Lymburner, Joel McCorkel, Nima Pahlevan, Theodore A. Scambos, Crystal Schaaf, John R. Schott, Yongwei Sheng, James Storey, Eric Vermote, James Vogelmann, Joanne C. White, Randolph H. Wynne, and Zhe Zhu. Current status of Landsat program, science, and applications. Remote Sensing of Environment, 225:127–147, May 2019. URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425719300707 (visited on 2026-10-26), doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.02.015.

[153]

European Space Agency. S2 applications. 2024. URL: https://sentiwiki.copernicus.eu/web/s2-applications (visited on 2024-07-26).

[154]

Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem. Copernicus data space ecosystem | europe's eyes on earth. https://dataspace.copernicus.eu, 2026.

[155]

Cornell Law School. 17 U.S. Code § 105 — Subject Matter of Copyright: United States Government Works. 2026. Backup Publisher: Legal Information Institute. URL: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105 (visited on 2026-10-24).

[156]

Creative Commons. CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. 2009. URL: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (visited on 2026-10-24).

[157]

Creative Commons. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Deed. 2013. URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (visited on 2026-10-24).

[158]

Esri. ArcGIS Runtime Samples for macOS. GitHub repository, 2016. URL: Esri/arcgis-runtime-samples-macos (visited on 2026-10-23).

[159]

GDAL/OGR contributors. GDAL/OGR Geospatial Data Abstraction software Library. Open Source Geospatial Foundation, 2026. URL: https://gdal.org, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5884351.

[160]

ICSM. Commonly used map projections. 2024. URL: https://www.icsm.gov.au/education/fundamentals-mapping/projections (visited on 2024-08-25).

[161]

Natural Earth contributors. Natural Earth: Free vector and raster map data. Dataset and map collection. Accessed: 2026-10-23. URL: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ (visited on 2026-10-23).

[162]

Natural Earth contributors. Natural earth - free vector and raster map data at 1:10m, 1:50m, and 1:110m scales. Dataset, 2026. URL: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ (visited on 2026-10-23).

[163]

Natural Resources Canada. Remote Sensing Tutorials. September 2007. Last Modified: 2019-08-06 Publisher: Natural Resources Canada. URL: https://natural-resources.canada.ca/maps-tools-and-publications/satellite-imagery-elevation-data-and-air-photos/tutorial-fundamentals-remote-sensing/9309 (visited on 2024-01-21).

[164]

Open Data Commons. Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0 — Open Data Commons. 2026. URL: https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/ (visited on 2026-10-24).

[165]

Open Geospatial Consortium. OGC API - Features - Part 1: Core Corrigendum. 2022. Version Number: 1.0.1. URL: https://docs.ogc.org/is/17-069r4/17-069r4.html (visited on 2026-10-24).

[166]

Open Geospatial Consortium. OGC GeoPackage Encoding Standard. Technical Report OGC 12-128r19, Open Geospatial Consortium, 2023. URL: https://www.geopackage.org/spec/ (visited on 2026-10-23).

[167]

OpenStreetMap Contributors. Overpass api — OpenStreetMap Wiki. 2026. [Online; accessed 24-October-2026]. URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Overpass_API (visited on 2026-10-24).

[168]

OpenStreetMap Contributors. Copyright and License — OpenStreetMap. 2026. URL: https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright (visited on 2026-10-24).

[169]

PROJ Developers. PROJ 9.4.1 documentation. 2024. URL: https://proj.org/en/9.4/index.html (visited on 2024-08-24).

[170]

SQLite. Most Widely Deployed SQL Database Engine. Web page, 2026. URL: https://www.sqlite.org/mostdeployed.html (visited on 2026-10-24).

[171]

The PostGIS Development Group. PostGIS 3.6.5dev Manual. 2026. URL: https://postgis.net/docs/ (visited on 2026-10-24).

[172]

U.S. Geological Survey. Google earth™ kml. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/feed/v1.0/kml.php.

[173]

U.S. Geological Survey. What is remote sensing and what is it used for? 2024. URL: https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-remote-sensing-and-what-it-used (visited on 2024-06-21).

[174]

U.S. Geological Survey. National hydrography dataset. 2026. URL: https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/national-hydrography-dataset (visited on 2026-10-23).

[175]

University of L'Aquila and Eliseo Clementini. Topological Relationships. Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge, July 2025. doi:10.22224/gistbok/2025.2.13.

[176]

University of Southern California, Geoff Boeing, Dani Arribas-Bel, and University of Liverpool. GIS and Computational Notebooks. Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge, January 2021. doi:10.22224/gistbok/2021.1.2.